Gram flour or besan is a pulse flour made from a variety of ground chickpea called bengal gram or kaala chana. It is a staple ingredient in the cuisine of the indian subcontinent. The composition of gram flour is approximately 11.2% moisture, 22.5% protein, 5.2% fat, and 58.9% carbohydrate. It is naturally gluten free and contains more protein than other flours.

Traditionally used in indian and middle eastern cooking, it's a staple ingredient in the batter for bhajis and pakoras, and it's often used in flatbreads. Gram flour can be used as a binding ingredient in fritters and veggie burgers, as a thickener for sauces, soups and stews, for making flatbreads and batter-based foods like pancakes and waffles, and to make batters for deep-frying other foods.